rudrādityā vasavo ye ca sādhyā
viśve ’śvinau marutaś coṣmapāś ca
gandharva-yakṣāsura-siddha-sańghā
vīkṣante tvāḿ vismitāś caiva sarve
Translation of Bhagavad Gita 11.22
All the various manifestations of Lord Shiva, the Adityas, the Vasus, the Sadhyas, the Visvedevas, the two Asvis, the Maruts, the forefathers, the Gandharvas, the Yakshas, the Asuras and the perfected demigods are beholding You in wonder.
Commentary by Sri A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada of Gaudiya Sampradaya:
No commentary by Srila Prabhupada.
Commentary by Sri Vishvanatha Chakravarthi Thakur of Gaudiya Sampradaya:
Usma pa refers to those who drink hot vapor of food. That refers to the pitrs.
The sruti says usmabhaga hi pitarah: the pitrs eat the steam. Taittiriya Brahmana, Yajur Veda 1.3.10.6
Commentary by Sri Ramanuja of Sri Sampradaya:
11.22 Usmapa means manes, because the Sruti declares: ‘Verily the manes receive the hot portions of the offerings’ (Tai. Br., 1.3.10). All these, struck with amazement, behold You.
Commentary by Sri Sridhara Swami of Rudra Sampradaya:
The names of various groups of demigods such as Rudras, Adityas, Vasus, Maruts, Gandharvas, etc. are all looking aghast at the terrifying splendour of Lord Krishna’s visvarupa or divine universal form. The word cosmopas being those who imbibe the aroma of the food which is Vedically offered and eaten refers to the group of pitris or manes which are one’s own forefathers and ancestors. The Manu Samhita III. CCXXXVII states: the pitris partake of the aroma of food as long as it is hot, as long as the guests eat silently without speaking and as long as the host has not requested to know how good the food was.
Commentary by Sri Madhvacharya of Brahma Sampradaya:
Sri Madhvacharya did not comment on this sloka.
Commentary by Sri Keshava Kashmiri of Kumara Sampradaya:
Among the various groups of demigods what is named cosmpas equals ca and usmapah the forefathers. The Taittriya Upanisad confirms that the usmapas are part of the pitris or deified ancestors. The Manu Samhita III.CCXXXVII states : The pitris partake of the food that is Vedically offered as long as the food remains hot, the guests remain silent while eating and the host has not requested to know the virtues of the food tasted.
Commentary by Sri Adi Shankaracharya of Advaita Sampradaya:
11.22 Ye, those who are; the rudra-adityah, Rudras and Adityas; vasavah, the Vasus; and sadhyah, the Sadhyas-the groups of Rudras and other gods; the gods visve, Visve-devas; and asvinau, the two Asvins; marutah, the Maruts; and usmapah, the Usmapas, (a class of) manes; and gandharva-yaksa-asura-siddha-sanghah, hosts of Gandharvas-viz Haha, Huhu and others-, Yaksas-viz Kubera and others-, demons-Virocana and others-, and Siddhas-Kapila and others; sarve eva, all of those very ones; viksante, gaze; tva, (i.e.) tvam, at You; vismitah eva, being indeed struck with wonder. For,
Commentary by Sri Abhinavagupta of Kaula Tantra Sampradaya:
Sri Abhinavagupta did not comment on this sloka.
Sanskrit Shloka Without Transliteration Marks:
rudraditya vasavo ye ca sadhya
visve ’svinau marutas cosmapas ca
gandharva-yaksasura-siddha-sangha
viksante tvam vismitas caiva sarve
Sanskrit to English Word for Word Meanings:
rudra — manifestations of Lord Śiva; ādityāḥ — the Ādityas; vasavaḥ — the Vasus; ye — all those; ca — and; sādhyāḥ — the Sādhyas; viśve — the Viśvedevas; aśvinau — the Aśvinī-kumāras; marutaḥ — the Maruts; ca — and; uṣma-pāḥ — the forefathers; ca — and; gandharva — of the Gandharvas; yakṣa — the Yakṣas; asura — the demons; siddha — and the perfected demigods; sańghāḥ — the assemblies; vīkṣante — are beholding; tvām — You; vismitāḥ — in wonder; ca — also; eva — certainly; sarve — all.
